{"id":3742,"date":"2015-06-28T13:22:18","date_gmt":"2015-06-28T12:22:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.avanzimorivet.it\/?page_id=3742"},"modified":"2025-01-30T22:21:51","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T21:21:51","slug":"malattie-principali-dellapparato-digerente-delle-tartarughe","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/index.php\/home\/rettili-2\/malattie-principali-dellapparato-digerente-delle-tartarughe\/","title":{"rendered":"Malattie principali dell\u2019apparato digerente delle tartarughe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Alterazioni del becco\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le deformazioni del becco, di origine genetica o alimentare (malattia ossea metabolica, consumo insufficiente per una dieta troppo poco abrasiva) possono portare ad una crescita eccessiva della parte superiore del becco o di quella inferiore. La parte cresciuta in eccesso \u00e8 costituita da cheratina e pu\u00f2 essere accorciata con l\u2019uso di una fresa. Le cause sottostanti, se possibile, devono essere corrette.<br \/>\nLa parte di cheratina cresciuta in eccesso si pu\u00f2 fissurare, causando infezioni secondarie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ecco alcuni esempi di crescita eccessiva del becco:<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:93.6%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 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class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Infezioni ed ascessi della cavit\u00e0 orale\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Secondariamente ad un trauma possono determinarsi ascessi ed infezioni della cavit\u00e0 orale. Le infezioni estese e gli ascessi richiedono l\u2019esecuzione di un esame radiografico per valutare se l\u2019infezione si \u00e8 estesa al tessuto osseo, cosa che rende la guarigione pi\u00f9 difficile e la cura pi\u00f9 lunga.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il trattamento si basa sulla somministrazione di antibiotici e sull\u2019applicazione nella cavit\u00e0 orale di antibiotici e antisettici. Eventuali ascessi vanno asportati in anestesia generale.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un tipo di stomatite (infezioni del cavo orale), spesso associata a rinite e congiuntivite, pu\u00f2 essere di origine virale. La causa principale \u00e8 un <a href=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/index.php\/home\/rettili-2\/herpesvirus-delle-tartarughe\/\">herpesvirus<\/a>. Questo tipo di infezione, che spesso assume andamento epidemico, si presenta con un quadro clinico generalmente grave: forte infiammazione della cavit\u00e0 orale con formazione di placche giallastre, difficolt\u00e0 a mangiare e deglutire, salivazione abbondante, scolo nasale e oculare, edema del collo, dispnea, anoressia, disidratazione. Per diagnosticare le infezioni da herpes virus esiste un test di laboratorio specifico.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4429\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4429\" class=\"lazyload size-full wp-image-4429\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/A0049_1.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/A0049_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"349\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27400%27%20height%3D%27349%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20400%20349%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27400%27%20height%3D%27349%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/A0049_1-150x131.jpg 150w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/A0049_1-300x262.jpg 300w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/A0049_1.jpg 400w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4429\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grave stomatite in una <em>Testudo<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La stomatite \u00e8 un frequente quadro clinico che si osserva anche nel periodo del risveglio dal letargo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La terapia delle stomatiti \u00e8 diretta sia al sostegno del rettile sia alla cura delle lesioni orali. Occorre somministrare liquidi per la reidratazione e alimento tramite un sondino e fornire condizioni ambientali ottimali; si somministrano antibiotici e analgesici. Le lesioni orali devono essere trattate quotidianamente con soluzioni disinfettanti.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In caso di infezioni da herpesvirus pu\u00f2 essere efficace la somministrazione di un farmaco antivirale quale l\u2019aciclovir fino alla remissione dei sintomi. La malattia pu\u00f2 assumere un andamento molto grave e facilmente le tartarughe soccombono.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><br \/>\nGastroenterite\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le gastroenteriti nelle tartarughe possono avere molte cause, spesso difficili da determinare, anche perch\u00e9 i sintomi possono essere gli stessi in tutti i casi. Inoltre i sintomi principali delle malattie gastroenteriche (vomito, diarrea e anoressia) possono anche essere causati da malattie non gastroenteriche (tipico il caso del vomito dovuto a setticemia).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Per risalire alla causa pertanto il veterinario inizia con il raccogliere informazioni approfondite sulla gestione e l\u2019alimentazione. Un frequente errore di gestione \u00e8 rappresentato dalla temperatura ambientale troppo bassa, che ostacola la corretta digestione.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gli errori dietetici possono contribuire in vario modo all\u2019insorgenza di problemi intestinali, ad esempio per la somministrazione di alimenti inappropriati che l\u2019intestino delle tartarughe non \u00e8 in grado di digerire adeguatamente. La frutta pu\u00f2 causare diarrea in specie adatte ad una dieta erbivora ricca di fibra, come le\u00a0<em>Testudo<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Geochelone pardalis<\/em>\u00a0e<em>G. sulcata<\/em>, mentre altre specie, come\u00a0<em>G. carbonaria<\/em>\u00a0e\u00a0<em>G. denticulata<\/em>, possono ingerire senza problemi grandi quantit\u00e0 di frutta.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Una dieta povera di calcio (tipico l\u2019esempio delle\u00a0<em>Testudo<\/em>\u00a0alimentate ad insalata e pomodoro, se non addirittura pasta e mozzarella) pu\u00f2 spingere il rettile ad ingerire sabbia e ghiaia nel tentativo di procurarsi questo minerale, con la comparsa di problemi enterici (dalla diarrea alla costipazione alla completa ostruzione) legati all\u2019eccessiva presenza di materiale estraneo nel tratto digerente. L\u2019ingestione di sassolini o addirittura il consumo di ossa \u00e8 un comportamento normale in alcune specie di tartarughe, sia per sfruttare l\u2019azione meccanica di triturazione del cibo che per rifornirsi di calcio (questo pu\u00f2 spiegare l\u2019inclinazione di alcune tartarughe ad ingoiare piccoli oggetti bianchi come pezzetti di ceramica); in condizioni di cattivit\u00e0 questo comportamento pu\u00f2 diventare eccessivo e inappropriato, causando problemi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La flora intestinale delle tartarughe comprende numerose specie, tra cui alcune pericolose per l\u2019uomo, come per esempio la\u00a0<em>Salmonella<\/em>. Nelle forme di enteriti e coliti batteriche i microrganismi responsabili sono spesso normali residenti proliferati in modo eccessivo per problemi di immunosoppressione o malnutrizione.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Oltre alla terapia antibiotica, al miglioramento delle condizioni di allevamento e dell\u2019alimentazione, nelle forme batteriche pu\u00f2 essere utile l\u2019utilizzo di probiotici, batteri benefici che colonizzano il tratto digerente ostacolando i batteri patogeni.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sono segnalate anche infezioni del tratto digerente causate da funghi, probabilmente secondarie a problemi di immunosoppressione o a infezioni batteriche o virali.<\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Parassiti del tratto gastroenterico\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I parassiti (vermi, coccidi, protozoi) sono probabilmente, dopo le cause ambientali ed alimentari, le cause di diarrea pi\u00f9 frequenti. Per l\u2019identificazione dei parassiti \u00e8 importante eseguire esami sia a fresco che per flottazione.<\/p>\n<h3>Vermi intestinali (elminti)<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I parassiti intestinali sono estremamente comuni nei cheloni, in particolare ossiuri e ascaridi. Alcuni tipi di ossiuri sono considerati non patogeni bens\u00ec commensali, vale a dire che vivono in equilibrio con l\u2019ospite senza danneggiarlo. Potrebbero avere un effetto benefico nell\u2019aiutare la digestione; sono vermi di pochi millimetri di lunghezza che con i loro movimenti aiutano a mescolare il contenuto intestinale.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un aumento del loro numero dovuto alle condizioni di cattivit\u00e0 potrebbe per\u00f2 risultare pericoloso. Mentre in natura i rettili sopportano bene una moderata carica parassitaria, in cattivit\u00e0 la situazione \u00e8 molto diversa. Per prima cosa lo stato di cattivit\u00e0 porta quasi inevitabilmente ad una situazione di stress cronico pi\u00f9 o meno grave, che compromette il sistema immunitario; inoltre nello spazio ristretto del terrario o di un recinto la carica parassitaria tende ad aumentare molto creando problemi anche gravissimi, tra cui l\u2019ostruzione intestinale. I sintomi in caso di infestazione massiva comprendono deperimento, anoressia, vomito e pi\u00f9 raramente diarrea o costipazione.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gli ascaridi sono vermi lunghi anche parecchi cm e sono sempre da considerare patogeni. La diagnosi di infestazione da elminti si esegue tramite l\u2019esame delle feci, che permette di evidenziare la presenza delle loro uova microscopiche. A volte \u00e8 possibile vedere direttamente nelle feci la presenza dei piccoli ossiuri. Il trattamento si basa sulla somministrazione di diversi tipi di antiparassitari.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:93.6%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-1\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" alt=\"feci con ossiuri\" src=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a0833_3.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a0833_3.jpg\" class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-12664\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27800%27%20height%3D%27600%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20800%20600%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27800%27%20height%3D%27600%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a0833_3-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a0833_3-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a0833_3-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a0833_3.jpg 800w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Notevole quantit\u00e0 di ossiuri emessi da una tartaruga. In questo caso il trattamento antiparassitario \u00e8 d\u2019obbligo per prevenire gravi problemi intestinali come l\u2019ostruzione.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-2\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" alt=\"uovo di ossiuro\" src=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0384_08.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0384_08.jpg\" class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-12665\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27800%27%20height%3D%27600%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20800%20600%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27800%27%20height%3D%27600%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0384_08-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0384_08-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0384_08-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0384_08.jpg 800w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Uovo di ossiuro osservato al microscopio da un campione di feci<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:93.6%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-3\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"485\" src=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0101_01.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0101_01.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-12666\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27800%27%20height%3D%27485%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20800%20485%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27800%27%20height%3D%27485%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0101_01-200x121.jpg 200w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0101_01-400x243.jpg 400w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0101_01-600x364.jpg 600w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0101_01.jpg 800w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Aspetto microscopico di un ossiuro; al suo interno sono presenti molte uova.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:93.6%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><h3>Protozoi<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Flagellati<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sono parassiti microscopici piuttosto comuni nelle tartarughe. La loro presenza si diagnostica con l\u2019osservazione diretta al microscopio delle feci eseguito su campioni molto freschi. L\u2019identificazione di questi parassiti \u00e8, infatti, molto semplice nei campioni freschi, perch\u00e9 si riconoscono dai movimenti che compiono. Dopo alcune ore, invece, i parassiti muoiono e risulta pi\u00f9 complicato identificarli.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I flagellati possono essere non patogeni, e costituire parte della normale flora intestinale. Se per\u00f2 il loro numero aumenta eccessivamente, soprattutto per errori alimentari o problemi di immunodepressione, possono causare problemi intestinali. I segni clinici comprendono anoressia, perdita di peso ed emissione di feci pi\u00f9 tenere o diarrea liquida. Il trattamento dell\u2019infestazione da flagellati si esegue con la somministrazione del farmaco metronidazolo.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-4\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"801\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a0074.2.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a0074.2.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-12667\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27801%27%20height%3D%27600%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20801%20600%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27801%27%20height%3D%27600%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a0074.2-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a0074.2-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a0074.2-600x449.jpg 600w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/a0074.2.jpg 801w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Diarrea in una G. pardalis<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-5\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-5 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0135_1.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0135_1.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-12669\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27800%27%20height%3D%27600%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20800%20600%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27800%27%20height%3D%27600%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0135_1-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0135_1-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0135_1-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/A0135_1.jpg 800w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Diarrea da flagellati in una Kinixys erosa<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-7 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:93.6%;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Coccidi<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I coccidi sono parassiti microscopici, molto rari e considerati non patogeni nelle tartarughe\u00a0terrestri e d\u2019acqua dolce. Possono talvolta dare problemi nei giovani di\u00a0<em>Geochelone pardalis<\/em>\u00a0e\u00a0<em>G. radiata<\/em>. Il trattamento si pu\u00f2 eseguire con la somministrazione orale di farmaci\u00a0specifici.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Costipazione<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le cause di costipazione nei cheloni possono essere numerose:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>errori di gestione: temperatura troppo bassa (che causa problemi digestivi), insufficiente umidit\u00e0 ambientale (che causa disidratazione);<\/li>\n<li>insufficiente acqua da bere;<\/li>\n<li>alimentazione basata solo o prevalentemente su\u00a0alimenti commerciali secchi;<\/li>\n<li>mancanza di esercizio;<\/li>\n<li>ingestione di corpi estranei (pezzi di substrato, sabbia, sassi o altri oggetti);<\/li>\n<li>presenza di una grande quantit\u00e0 di parassiti intestinali;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/index.php\/home\/rettili-2\/malattia-ossea-metabolica-mom\/\">malattia ossea metabolica (MOM)<\/a> per la carenza di calcio, che \u00e8 indispensabile per l\u2019attivit\u00e0 della muscolatura dell\u2019intestino;<\/li>\n<li>presenza di calcoli (uroliti) a livello della cloaca.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I sintomi che si possono osservare in caso di costipazione comprendono anoressia, mancata emissione di feci, depressione, rigurgito, paresi degli arti posteriori e talvolta diarrea emorragica.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La costipazione \u00e8 solo un sintomo, e pu\u00f2 dipendere da pi\u00f9 malattie; prima di procedere alla terapia occorre cercare di identificare le cause che l\u2019hanno provocata. A tale scopo l\u2019esame radiografico \u00e8 uno dei pi\u00f9 semplici da eseguire.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4426\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4426\" class=\"lazyload size-full wp-image-4426\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ThermanniCE2.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ThermanniCE2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27300%27%20height%3D%27400%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20300%20400%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27300%27%20height%3D%27400%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ThermanniCE2-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ThermanniCE2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ThermanniCE2.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4426\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Radiografia di una tartaruga che ha ingerito molti sassolini<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La terapia consiste inizialmente, oltre che nell\u2019eventuale correzione delle cause ambientali, nella reidratazione per via orale e nella somministrazione di olio di vaselina (sia per via orale che, in caso di ostruzione nella parte caudale dell\u2019intestino, per via cloacale). Sono molto utili i bagni in acqua tiepida e i clisteri. Nei casi pi\u00f9 ostinati si deve ricorrere all\u2019intervento chirurgico.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Una buona misura preventiva consiste nel permettere al rettile di fare movimento, che ha un effetto positivo sulla defecazione, nel lasciare a disposizione acqua da bere e nel fornire un\u2019umidit\u00e0 ambientale adeguata alla specie. La prevenzione dell\u2019ingestione di corpi estranei si effettua utilizzando del materiale di substrato adeguato, quali fogli di giornale.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":12268,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3742","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Malattie principali dell\u2019apparato digerente delle tartarughe -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/avanzimorivet.it\/index.php\/home\/rettili-2\/malattie-principali-dellapparato-digerente-delle-tartarughe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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